Simplify the graph's color scheme.
- Make the good/bad side of the road reddish and greenish as well as the big background numbers to associate it with "good"/"bad" and to clarify which is which.
- Make the thin yellow lines green to associate it with "good".
- Introduce a light orange "wrong lane" area between the road and the red area analogous to orange data points.
- Make the main line of one continuous color, a mix of the current colors. ("What does it mean that there is a gap today and not tomorrow?") Alternatively, remove it - it adds no important impression.
- Finally, remove the colors of the data points to remove redundancies. You can see how good you perform intuitively by looking in which color area you data points are.
In my eyes, these changes would make the graph a lot more intuitive.

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Julius Kunze commented
I think it would be worth it dropping/changing the term for the yellow brick road if it does not fit anymore in exchange for a more intuitive graph.
If you fear people might argue: "Why is it better to be in the yellow area than in the green? Green must be better! I want to stay there. This yellow road suggestion is not logical!" You can simply give the correct answer: If you managed it to stay in green, you performed better than if you only stayed in yellow, but there is no pressure to continue this super duper performance boost and you could easily fall back. But you could lock it by rising the targets until you get back into the yellow "perfect pressure" road!
Some more suggestions:
1. Adjust the color of the timer to the color of the area you are currently in. And you should somehow show in the graph where the clock color is taken from, i. e. show where you are currently even if there is no current data - by drawing a light purple line from the last data to the assumption point, for example. This makes everthing more intuitive one more time.2. Pick the clock color from a green-yellow-orange-red smooth gradient! The transitions are smooth and there is no reason for sudden color changes.
3. The analogous issue exists with the proposed color areas, but maybe it takes to long to render smooth gradient color areas or it is too complicated for the modernized browser/device-based rendering. I think this is not too important - and a con is that it covers up the clean terms like "yellow road" etc., it was just an idea.
Thank you for your fast answer - it is a lot more fun to make suggestions if you feel that they are not ignored and at least may have an influence. Keep up your great work. :)
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Admindreeves (Cofounder, Beeminder) commented
This is really smart, at least in theory. Sounds like the core idea is, roughly, don't color the dots, color the regions of the graph instead. But not sure how that jibes with "yellow brick road"... Have to think about this. (And eager for more feedback!)